LONDON (IT BOLTWISE) – New research shows soybean oil, a common cooking oil, provides more than just calories. It affects the body’s metabolism in unexpected ways and could explain why some people gain weight more easily than others.
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Soybean oil is ubiquitous in many cuisines and processed foods, but its effects on the human body are more complex than previously thought. Researchers at the University of California at Riverside have found that soybean oil not only provides calories but also influences metabolism. This discovery may explain why some people react more strongly to diets high in soybean oil than others.
A number of studies found that normal mice on a high-fat soybean oil diet gained significant weight, while genetically modified mice did not. These mice had a variant of a liver protein that altered how it processed linoleic acid, the main fat in soybean oil. The modified mice remained slim even though they ate the same amount of food as the others. Their livers stored less fat and their blood sugar control remained stable.
Linoleic acid is converted in the body to oxylipins, small molecules that increase sharply in a diet high in soybean oil. Normal mice showed high levels of certain oxylipins, which were closely correlated with weight gain. However, the genetically modified mice produced significantly fewer of these molecules. Previous work showed that linoleic acid binds to the liver protein HNF4α. The new research showed that different forms of this protein direct linoleic acid to different chemical pathways.
The metabolic changes in the mice were further illuminated by metabolomics analyses. The genetically modified mice had higher levels of molecules linked to mitochondrial activity, indicating greater energy utilization. Normal mice showed the opposite pattern on soybean oil, suggesting a slower energy transition that may cause the body to store more fat.
The results suggest that it is not linoleic acid itself that is the main problem, but rather the conversion into certain oxylipins. These molecules increase sharply with high soybean oil consumption and drive the metabolism towards fat storage. When the body produces less of it, weight gain slows. Greater mitochondrial activity provides an additional layer of protection.
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